Why Do Countries Have High TFR?

Total Fertility Rate Correlations

Total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children born per woman is she was at the age of child-bearing. A TFR of around 2 is called “Replacement-level fertility”, where 2 parents who bore two children would keep the population stable by replacing the parents with their children after they died. 
Findings show that in Niger and Somalia, the TFR is the highest. Whereas in Taiwan, the TFR is the lowest. There are numerous factors influencing the TFR results, including the use of contraceptives, levels of education, wealth, and early marriage.
According to WHO’s research on contraceptive use in Africa and contraceptive prevalence worldwide, statistics showed that most African countries’ use of contraceptives “remained at low to moderate levels at the time of the second survey and ranged from 8.7% in Senegal (2005) to 46.6% in Namibia (2006/07)”. Compared to Taiwan, over 70% (2015) of its citizens use contraceptives. The TFR of each country contributes to the CBR, as the number of childbearing per woman is proportional to the total birth rate of a country.
The levels of education also contribute to TFR. Moreover, the adolescent fertility rate directly relates to the levels of education, as one who is more educated would know more about safe sex, against child marriage (which contributes to the AFR too), and the consequences of having an early childbearing age. Based on the Education Index 2015 released by Human Development Reports by the UN -- Niger places last on education index (0.206), Somalia unreported, and Taiwan (China) at 0.631. From these statistics, it’s possible to conclude that education levels do have a correlation with TFR.
Living conditions also have a relation with TFR. In this quote from Our World In Data: “According to the World Bank forecasts 87% of the world’s poorest are expected to live in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2030”, which indicates that the Africa continent is under extreme poverty right now. Due to the low wealth in African countries, people are unable to afford education and contraceptives. Furthermore, since the living conditions are affected by wealth, the IMR has a correlation with poverty. The IMR (from CIA World Factbook) in Niger is 82.8, while in Somalia it’s 96.6. Since the TFR does not register whether if the newborn dies or not, the high mortality rate of these two countries could explain why there are needs to give multiple births. As opposed to Niger and Somalia, Taiwan’s IMR is only 4.4, which means the parents does not need to give more births to replace their dead child. 
From all statistics given, this concludes the hypothesis that countries with high TFR does not get enough education, lower wealth which leads to worse living conditions, and the lack of knowledge in contraceptives. In contrast, countries with lower TFR have better education, living conditions, and knowledge of contraceptive use. 
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